Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal antigen with minimal adult tissue expression but critical roles in cancer progression through Wnt5a, PI3K/AKT, and Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathways. Its selective tumor expression makes ROR1 an attractive therapeutic target across hematologic and solid malignancies. Multiple modalities have advanced clinically, with antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) leading development. Zilovertamabvedotin achieved unprecedented complete response rates in lymphomas, while CAR-T therapies demonstrate efficacy in hematologic cancers with limited solid tumor penetration. Bispecific T-cell engagersand novel platforms including logic-gated CAR-Ts and dual-control ADCs address current limitations. Despite challenges such as on-target/off-tumor effects and heterogeneous expression patterns, ROR1-targeted therapies represent a rapidly evolving precision oncology frontier with transformative potential across ROR1-positive malignancies.
Keywords: ROR1, Zilovertamab, ADC, CAR-T, Targeted therapy