Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes in the human stomach and is related to various gastrointestinal diseases, including dyspepsia, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Eradication of H. pylori significantly reduces the risk of ulcer recurrence and gastric malignancy. This mini-review provides an overview of the biology of H. pylori, its pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic strategies, and current treatment approaches, with a focus on emerging therapies and antibiotic resistance challenges.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, review, chronic gastritis, gastric malignancy, peptic ulcers